·       Undoubtedly, laws are effective because they are backed by the threat of punitive enforcement. Behaviour of an individual does not come pre-packaged. Genetics does play its role, but effective laws can reform human behaviour.

·       Most of the people are afraid of the punishment and this threat prompts individuals to make judgements about risk and reward before deciding whether to engage in a prohibited activity or not.

·       For example, following implementation of smoking bans in public areas in many countries such as Australia, Spain, UK, there was a significant shift in the attitude of public. Statistics from credible sources show evidence of high compliance. Although smoking is thought to be addictive, a vast majority of smokers have changed their behaviour and completely stopped smoking in restricted areas. Likewise, there was a shift in the behaviour of the people when compulsory seatbelt laws came into force.